Seelam Sikma:The Literary meaning of Seelam is the way of dying and Sakma means to stop. Thus the Mundhum, Limbu's holy scripture, defines Seelam Sakma as the Preserver of tradition, culture and life.
 

 
 

 

!= 8f= zf]efsflGt y]lud / pgsf] ;flxlTos of]ubfg o'un s]?ª
@= cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] efiff ;DjGwL s]xL k|d'v d'2fx? ;lGbk ;'Jjf
#= cflbjf;L / dfgj clwsf/ ;[hgf ;'Aaf

 

 

8f= zf]efsflGt y]lud / pgsf] ;flxlTos of]ubfg


o'un s]?ª
g]kfnL ;flxTosf] e08f/df yf]/} ePklg ;flxTosf ;'Gb/ y'+ufx? pg]/ g]kfnL ;flxTo hut\nfO{ 7"nf] of]ubfg lbg] ;flxTosf/ zf]efsflGt y]lud
-s]?ª_ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?n] la;{g gx'g] ;flxlTos ;|:6f x'g\ .
ef/tsf] l;lSsd /fHosf] kflsd eGg] ufp“df ;g\ !(%)df hlGdPsL zf]efsflGt y]lud -s]?ª _ laBfyL{ hLjgb]lv g} ;flxTo If]qdf snd rnfpg yfn]sL x'g\ . …sljtf cGt/ Xbosf] cleAolSt xf]Ú eGg] cjwf/0ff lyof] pgsf] sljtfsf] af/]df / pgsf] lk|o lawf klg sljtfg} lyof] . pgn] sIff %df cWoog/t x'“bf …kxf8L vf]nfÚ gfdsf] sljtf n]v]/ afnfkgd} ;flxlTos ofqfsf] k|f/De u/]sL lyO{g\ .
cfÏgf] dfWolds txsf] lzIff k"/f gub}{ …piffÚ / …gj Hof]lt Ú ;flxlTos klqsfsf] ;x;Dkfbs ?kdf sfd u/]/ ;flxlTos kqsfl/tfdf ;d]t of]ubfg lbPsL lyO{g\ .
;flxlTos ;[hgfsf ;fy} cfÏgf] cWoogsf] qmdnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg tlNng /lxg\ . l;lSsddf pRrlzIffsf] cWoog k"/f u/L pgn] bflh{lnªaf6 :gfts tx l;WofPsL lyO{g\ . pgn] sf7df8f}af6 :gfsf]Q/sf] k/LIff kf; u/]/ ef/tsf] agf/;af6 g]kfnL ;flxTodf ljBfjfl/lwsf] pkflw xfl;n u/]sL lyO{g\ . pgL k9fOdf sd d]wfjL / d]x]gtL laBfyL{ lyO{gg\ .pgn] bflh{lnªaf6 /htkbs / lqe'jg ljZjljBfnoaf6 k|yd >]0fLdf kf; u/]/ :j0f{kbs k|fKt u/]sL lyOg\ . lqe'jg ljZjljBfnoaf6 :j0f{kbs k|fKt ug]{ pgL k|yd lnDa" dlxnf x'g\ .
n]vgdf cfTd;Gt'i6L g} hLjgsf] uGtAo dfGg] sjloqL s]?ª k|sfzgdfeGbf a9L ;[hgfdf ljZjf; /fVg] ;|i6f lyOg\ .To;}n] pgsf yf]/} dfq s[ltx? k|sflzt 5g\ . pgsf] laBfafl/lw ;f]wsf] nflu k':ts/ s[lt …g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgfsf] k/Dk/f M d"Nof+sg tyf laZn]if0fÚ / d[To' kZrft\ 8f = zf]efsflGt y]lud d]df]l/on 6«i6n] k|sflzt u/]sf] pgsf ;+slnt sljtfx?sf] ;+ufnf] …d]/f] b]p/fnLÚ u/L b'O{j6f k':tsx? 5g\ . y'k|} km'6s/ sljtfx? k|sfzgsf] kvf{O{df 5g\ .
pgsf sljtfx?df efj'stfsf] r/df]Tsif{ cleAolSt kfOG5 . …d]/f] b]p/fnLÚ sljtf ;+u|xdf sjloqL zf]efsflGt y]ludn] g]kfnLx?sf] ;f“:s[lts klxrfgsf] ?kdf ;'Gb/ kf/fn] b]p/fnLnfO{ lrgfpg vf]h]sL l5g\ .
zf]efsflGt y]ludnfO{ /fhgLltdf ;d]t ljz]if ?lr lyof] . :jtGq l;lSsd /fHo ef/tdf lano x'g nfUbf l;lSsd :jtGq /fHo g} /xg' k5{ eGg] c8fgdf pgn] la/f]w sfo{qmdsf] g]t[Tj ;d]t u/]sL lyOg\ .
;g\ !((^ cS6'a/ #!sf lbg $^ aif{sf] cNkcfo'df g} pgsf] b'Mvb d[To' ePsf] lyof] . af:tjdf pgL hlt af“lrg\ ToltGh]n g]kfnL ;flxTodf lg/Gt/ ;]jf / of]ubfg ul/g\ . o; sf/0f pgL cem} klg cfÏgf s[ltx?df cd/ eP/ af“lr/xsL l5g\ .

 


cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] efiff ;DjGwL s]xL k|d'v d'2fx?

— ;lGbk ;'Jjf
-k|lzIffyL{ kqsf/_


g]kfn Ps ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax';f+:s[lts / ax'wfld{s d'n's xf] . oxF“ em08} %%hflt / %( cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?n] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))! sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ (# dft[efiffx? 5g\ eg] s"n hg;+Vofsf] $*=^ k|ltztn] g]kfnL efiffsf] k|of]u ub{5g\ . t/, OYgf]nfu @))@ sf cg';f/ oxF“ !@! j6f efiffx? ljBdfg 5g h;df !)! efiffx? cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?n] af]Ng] / Jojxf/df k|of]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g . ox“f hflt, efiff, ;+:s[lt / wd{sf] jx'ntf / ljljwtf hlt :ki6 5, hfthflt, efiffefifL / ljleGg ;+:s[lt tyf wd{sf cg'ofoLx? jLrsf] c;dfgtf / b"/L klg TolQs} :ki6 ?kdf ljBdfg 5 . ljleGg ;|f]tjf6 cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] oyfy{ cj:yf / To;;“u cGt;{DjlGwt /x]sf d"ne"t d'2fx?dWo] klg ;fdflhs–;f:s[lts d'2f cGtu{tsf] efiff ;DjGwL d'2fsf] af/]df s]xL rrf{ ;+lIfKtdf ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] eflifs clwsf/sf] pk]IFf ul/Psf] 5 . hflt, wd{, ln¨, j0f{, j}rfl/s cf:yf h:t} efiff / hGd:ynsf] cfwf/df klg lje]b gul/g] k|Tofe"lt jt{dfg ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf] 5}g . b]zleq af]lng] ljleGg efiffx?nfO{ /fi6« efiff / /fli6«o efiffsf] ?kdf juL{s/0f u/L lje]b ul/Psf] 5 eg] zf;s tyf slyt pRr hftsf efiffnfO{ /fi6« efiff / cGo zf]lift, bldt, pk]lIft / ;'ljwfjl~rt ;d'bfo jf hfltx?sf] efiffnfO{ /fli6«o efiff elgPsf] 5 . /fli6«o efiffnfO{ ;/sf/L tyf k|zf;lgs lgsfodf k|of]u ug{ gkfOg] ePsf]n] :yfgLo sfdsfhsf nflu ;d]t pkof]u ug{ gkfOg] agfOPsf] 5 . Ps b]z, Ps efiffsf] k/Dk/fut x}sdjfbL ;f]r / Jojxf/ cem} xfjL 5 . /fi6« efiff tyf ;+:s[t efiffsf]] ljsf;df ljleGg ;+:yfx?dfkm{t k|ltjif{ s/f]8f}+ ?k}of“ ;/sf/n] vr{ u/] klg cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] efiffsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;df eg] k6Ss} nufgL ul/Psf] 5}g / nf]kf]Gd'v efiffx?sf] klg s'g} vf]hL–gLlt 5}g .
lzIffsf] If]qdf x]g]{ xf] eg] lzIffdf k5fl8 k/]sf cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?n] lzIffdf ljz]if pGglt u?g eGg] ;/sf/L wf/0ff /x]sf] k6Ss} kfOPsf] 5}g . kf7Øqmd ljsf; s]Gb|sf !) j6f hlt hghflt efiffdf k|fylds sIFfx?sf nflu kmfNt' P]lR5s ljifosf ?kdf dft[efiff k7g–kf7gsf nflu kf7Øk':ts k|sflzt u/] klg ;dodf kf7Øk':tsx? pknJw u/fpg ;s]sf] 5}g / o;sf nflu cfjZos lzIfs b/jGbL klg l;h{gf ul/Psf] 5}g . :yfgLo ;xof]udf dft[efiffdf k|fylds lzIff lbg] ljBfno vf]Ng ;/sf/n] k|f]T;fxg lbg] u/]sf] 5}g / vf]lnPsfx?nfO{ klg :jLs[lt / cg'bfg lbOPsf] 5}g . jx';f+:s[lts, jx'wfld{s ljBfyL{x? k9\g] ljBfnox?df -em08f, 5fk cflb_ cfcfºgf] ;+:s[lt, wd{ cg's"n lzIffsf] k|tLs /fVg kfpg] Joj:yfsf] ;f6f] lxGb" 1fgsL b]jL ;/:jtL / lzIffsf lxGb" k|tLsx? /fVg nufOG5 . To:t} :yfgLo efiffdf /flvPsf] ljBfnosf] gfddf klg ;DjlGwt clwsf/Lx? cfklQ dfg]/ b'Mv lbG5g\ . dft[efiffdf k|fylds lzIff afx]s cGo txx?df cWoog ug]{ ;DjGwLJoj:yf af/] ;/sf/L gLlt :ki6 5}g . ;/sf/jf6 ul7t ljleGg cfof]u, ;ldltx?sf] l;kmfl/; / cflbjf;L÷hghflt ;+u7gx?n] dfu u/] klg lzIffdf q}eflifs gLlt cjnDjg ug{ ;/sf/ pbf;Lg /x]sf] 5 . cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?nfO{ ;fIf/ agfpg / pgLx?sf] lzIffdf kx“'r a9fpg dft[efiffdf cgf}krfl/s lzIff lbgsf nflu cfjZos ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg ;/sf/n] c;dy{tf b]vfP/ pgLx?nfO{ lzIffsf] pHofn]fdf cfpg] cj;/af6 jl~rt u/]sf] 5 .
/fli6«o efiffsf] ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/L :t/df ;+:yfut Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5}g / cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] dft[efiffx?sf] ljsf;df sfo{/t ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] s'g} k|sf/sf] ;xof]u pknJw u/fPsf] 5}g . cfh ePsf] /fli6«o efiffx?sf] ljsf; :j–efifLx?sf] lgtfGt lglh k|of;x?sf] kl/0ffd xf] . o; lbzfdf ;/sf/L pbf;Lgtf af:tjdf /fli6«o efiff–efifLx? dfly ul/Psf] pk]Iff xf], eflifs lje]b xf] . nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] cGo efiffsf] 1fgnfO{ h:t} cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] efiff cyf{t| /fli6«o efiffx?sf] 1fgnfO{ dfGotf lbPsf] 5}g . /fli6«o efiffsf] 1fgnfO{ s'g} klg kbsf] pDd]bjf/sf nflu yk of]Uotf dflgPsf] 5}g . :yfgLo :t/df v'Ng] kbx?sf nflu :yfgLo d'Vo efiffdf k/LIFf lng] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5}g . o;jf6 Psfy/L ;d'bfosf] dfq k|zf;gdf /lxcfPsf] Psflwsf/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf sfod /fVg] k|k~r ePsf] 5 .
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] lzIff tyf ;"rgfsf ;fdu|Lx? g]kfnL efiffdf dfq k|rf/, k|;f/ Pjd\ ;Dk|]if0f u/]/ g]kfnL efifLnfO{ dfq ;';"lrt / lzlIft t'NofPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L ljB'tLo ;+rf/ dfWodx?n] 5f]6f] ;dosf] ;dfrf/ nufotsf sfo{qmd cflbjf;L÷hghflt efiffdf lbP/ pgLx?nfO{ ;zlQms/0f ug]{eGbf jzjtL{ t'Nofpg] k|lqmofdf ;+nUg 5 . ;/sf/L d'b|0f dfWodn] t cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?nfO{ nlIft u/]/ s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ;fdfu|Lx? k|sfzg ug]{ u/]sf] 5}g . cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] hfu/0f / ;zlQms/0fsf lgldQ pko'Qm ;+rf/ gLlt / sfo{qmd Nofpg ;/sf/ clgR5's b]lvG5 j? o:tf ;/sf/L ;+rf/ dfWodx? cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] gsf/fTds 5lj agfpgdf a9L pBt b]lvG5g\ . cfh klg /fli6«o eflifs ;d'bfox?dfly ;f]emf] bdg geP klg ckdfghGo Jojxf/ sfod} 5 . /fi6« efiffsf] c1fgtfsf sf/0f ljleGg /fli6«o efiffsf efifLx?n] ;w}+ cGofo ef]Ug' kg]{, cfºgf] clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ gkfpg] / ;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt /xg' kg]{ cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . dft[efifLx?nfO{ k"0f{tof pk]lIft cj:yfdf /flvPsf] 5 .
d'n'ssf] ;du| / ;Gt'lnt ljsf; ug{, ;fdflhs c;dfgtf / lje]b cGt ug{ / Gofok"0f{, ;dtfd"ns / k|hftflGqs ;d[4 g]kfnsf] ;[hgf ug{ ljleGg tl/sfn] ;'ljwfjl~rt cj:yfdf /flvPsf cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?nfO{ ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf Nofpg h?/L 5 . o;sf nflu of]hgfj4 k|of;sf] vf“rf] 5 . o:tf] k|of;sf] yfnlg eflifs lje]bsf] cGtaf6 ;'? ul/g' k5{ . /fHon] eflifs clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ub}{ /fli6«o efiffx?sf] ;+/IF0f, ;Da4{g / ljsf;df sfo{ ug{' kb{5 . cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] hgzlQm ljsf;sf nflu ljz]if kxn ug{' kb{5 . cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?n] p7fOcfPsf] eflifs d'2fx?sf] /fd|f] lg?k0f x'g' kb{5 . efiff h:tf] HjnGt k|ZgnfO{ yf“lt /fv]/ hflto k|Zgx?sf] ;dfwfg lgSng ;Sb}g .-;|f]tM/fli6«o ljsf;df cflbjf;L÷hghfltM d"n d'2f, Jojwfg / cj;/x?, @)%( _

 

 

cflbjf;L / dfgj clwsf/


–;[hgf ;'Aaf


cGt/fli6«o >d ;+u7gn] cflbjf;Lx?sf] efjgf / rfxgf a'em]/ ;g\ !(*( df cflbjf;L tyf hghfltx?sf] dxf;lGw, ;+Vof !^( (Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, no. 169) tof/ u¥of] . pQm >d ;+u7gsf] tYofÍ cg';f/ ;f] dxf;GwLnfO{ ;g\ @))@ sf] cGt;Dddf hDdf !& /fi6«x?n] cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf 5g\ / cg'df]bg ug]{ /fi6«x?df of] dxf;lGw nfu" e};s]sf] 5 . cGt/fli6«o >d ;+u7gsf] lgod cg';f/ s'g} klg dxf;lGw nfu" x'gnfO{ slDtdf bz /fi6«x?n] To; dxf;lGwnfO{ cg'df]bg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
cflbjf;L tyf hghflt dxf;lGw !)& nfO{ cflbjf;Lx?n] lsg jlxisf/ u/] / lsg csf]{ dxf;lGw !^( Nofpg' k¥of] eGg] zGbe{df oxf“ s]xL s'/fx? eGg'kg]{ x'G5 . Tof] s] eg], vf;u/L dxf;lGw !)& n] cflbjf;L÷hghflt ;d'bfox?nfO{ c:yfO{ ;d'bfox? x'g\ / cfw'lglss/0fdf pgLx?sf] ;+:s[lt cfkm} n'Kt eP/ hfG5 eGg] cjwf/0ff To; dxf;lGw !)& n] /fv]sf] lyof] . of] dxf;lGw cfw'lgstfjfbL l;4fGt(modernization theory) af6 w]/} g} k|efljt ePsf] b]lvG5 . of] dxf;lGw cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] cj:yf ;'wfg]{ (condition improving) s'/fdf dfq nlIft ePsf] lyof] lsgeg] ljZjsf ljleGg e"efux?df ePsf cWoogx?n] cflbjf;L÷hghfltx? u/LaLsf] rk]6fdf lkl;Psf, pgLx?nfO{ cfºgf] e"ldaf6 lj:yflkt ul/Psf] / pgLx? lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/af6 klg kl5 k/]sfn] ubf{ pgLx?sf] hLjg clt bogLo /x]sf] kfOof] . cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] cj:yf ;'wf/ ug]{ qmddf pgLx?nfO{ zLk k|bfg ug]{, cfw'lgs pks/0fx? lbg] / pgLx?nfO{ d"nwf/df /x]sf] ;+:s[ltdf ;lDdng u/fpg] gLlt o; dxf;lGwdf /x]sf] 5 . o; dxf;lGwnfO{ blIf0f Plzofsf b]zx? – ef/t, a+unfb]z / kfls:tfg nfuot Nofl6g cd]l/sf, clk|msf / o"/f]ksf s]xL b]zx? u/L hDdf @& b]zx?n] cg'df]bg u/]sf 5g\ . t/ dxf;lGw !^( nfu" ePkl5 of] cg'df]bgsf] nflu aGb e} ;s]sf] 5 t/ dxf;lGw !^( cg'df]bg gu/];Dd dxf;lGw !)& cg'df]bg ug]{ /fi6«x?df of] nfu" e} g} /xG5 . dxf;lGw !)& n] cflbjf;L÷hghfltx? u/La 5g\, pgLx?sf] hLjg:t/ lgDg 5, pgLx? lzIff, /f]huf/L / /fHo ;+rfngaf6 a+lrt 5g\ eGg] s'/fx¿nfO{ klxrfg t u¥of] t/ pgLx?sf] of] cj:yf lsg / s;/L eof] eGg] s'/fnfO{ Tolt Wofg lbPsf] b]lvPg . ljz]if u/L cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] o:tf] l:ylt x'g'df pgLx?nfO{ cfºgf] e"ldaf6 lj:yflkt ul/g' / pgLx?sf] e"ld;“u /x]sf] cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGwnfO{ u}/cflbjf;L÷hghflt ;d'bfon] a'em\g g;Sg' g} lyof] . cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?nfO{ k/;+:s[lt u|x0f u/fpg] jf ;lDdng u/fpg] (assimilatory) vfn] sfg'g tyf gLltx? dfGo gePsf] s'/f pgLx?n] ljZj;fd' JoQm u/] . dxf;lGw !)& n] pgLx?sf] ;fd'lxs clwsf/ klg klxrfg gu/]sf]df cfklQ hgfP lsgeg] cflbjf;L÷hghfltx? eg]sf ;d"xdf a:g], æxfdLÆ efjgf ePsf / e"ld;“u cfWoflTds (spiritual) ;DaGw ePsf ;d'bfo x'g\ eGg] ts{ pgLx?n] ul/cfPsf lyP .
oxL s'/fnfO{ cGt/fli6«o >d ;+u7gsf] æcflbjf;L÷hghflt dxf;lGw ;+Vof !^(Æ df a9L dxTj lbPsf] kfOG5 .dxf;lGw !^( n] cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf :t/ ;'wf/ (status improving) ug]{ gLlt lnPsf] kfOG5 . pgLx?sf] :t/ ;'wf/ ug]{ d'Vo dfWoodsf] ?kdf dxf;lGw !^( n] cGt/f{li6«o tyf /fli6«o sfg'g tyf gLltx? cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] clwsf/ dha't agfpg]tkm{ g} hf]8 lbof] h'g s'/fnfO{ ljZjsf cflbjf;Lx?n] klg :jfut u/] .
x'g t o; dxf;lGwsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df cflbjf;Lx?sf] klg ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . To;}n] klg of] dxf;lGwdf cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?df] efjgf n's]sf] kfOG5 . o; dxf;lGwn] ljz]if u/L cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] cfTd–lg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] klxrfg u/]sf] 5 .
pgLx?sf] ;fd'lxs clwsf/, ;f+:s[lts clwsf/, cflbjf;L ;d'bfox? Jff cflbjf;L÷hghflt If]qsf] ljsf; sfo{df pgLx?sf] ;xeflutf / lg0f{o ug{ kfpg] clwsf/, k/Dk/fut e"ld tyf k|fs[lts >f]tdflysf] clwsf/, >f]t / +;fwgsf] ;dfg'kflts ljt/0f / cflbjf;Lx?sf k/Dk/fut sfg'gn] dfGotf kfpg] clwsf/ dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] ljsf;sf] nflu oL clwsf/x? k|fKt ug'{kg]{ s'/f dxTjk"0f{ t 5 g} To;df klg o; dxf;lGw cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] lglDt tof/ ul/Psf] Ps dfq cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ b:tfj]h xf] .
;f]emf] cy{df, of] cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?sf] ljsf; / pgLx?sf] clwsf/sf] /Iff ug]{ Ps dfq sfg'gL xltof/ xf] jf egf} cflbjf;L tyf u}/–cflbjf;Lx? aLr zflGtk"0f{ 9+uaf6 åGb ;dfwfg ug]{ Ps pkfo xf] . To;}n] xfnsf] kl/k]Ifdf of] dxf;lGw g]kfnn] klg cg'df]bg ug{ h?/L 5 / g]kfndf /x]sf cflbjf;L÷hghfltx?n] klg of] dxf;lGw cg'df]bg u/fpg ;/sf/nfO{ bjfj lbg' h?/L 5 . qmdzM

 

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